COSMETIC INGREDIENTS GLOSSARY
A
Absolute
Concentrated, unchanged plant extract that has not been modified by any chemical methods such as distillation ("natural perfume").
Acacia
Odorless, colorless, water-soluble natural gum (gum arabic) extracted from the stem of the acacia tree (Africa). Used as stabilizer and thickener.
Accelerator
A product that works under the surface of the skin and provides the necessary ingredients for melanin production, which will accelerate the rate at which the skin tans. An accelerator is most effective when used after a shower or at least four hours before tanning.
Acetamide MEA
A water-soluble conditioning agent that is compatible with anionic and non-anionic systems as opposed to quaternary surfactants compatible only with cationics. This agent's primary purpose is to add shine.
Acetanilid
Solvent utilized primarily in nail polishes for an opaque look
Acetic Acid
Colorless acid that occurs naturally in vinegars and different fruits. It is used as solvent for oils, fats, and gums and as bleaching agent in lotions and hair dyes. It is sometimes used to remove oil from the skin.
Acetone
Colorless, ethereal liquid used primarily as solvent in nail polish removers and nail finishes. Narcotic effects after inhalation Acetone is a strong solvent that is used in nail polish removers. It is appropriate for natural nails only. It can be found in some astringents/toners/fresheners..
Acetylated Lanolin Alcohol
Acetylated lanolin is an agent that forms a protective coating on the skin's surface and helps prevent moisture loss. It is a hypoallergenic agent that smoothes and softens the skin
Acetylcysteine
Membrane-permeant substance with potent antioxidant and conditioning properties used in different skin products.
Acid
Acids are used in skin care products to stabilize formulas that have an unwanted alkaline level. Its purpose is to lower the pH level of a substance at least below 7.0.
Acid Balance
The acid balance refers to natural pH level of the skin's moisture.
Acid Mantle
A protective oily layer on the skin's surface which functions as a protectorate against environmental impurities and helps regulate moisture loss and water retention.
Acid Perm
An acid perm produces permanent hair waves with curls that are actually softer than an alkaline perm. It also has a pH from 6.5 to 8.0.
Acidophilus
Helps prevent fungus, acne, and bad breathe.
Acorns (Akarn)
Acorn is the nut of the oak. Their extracts contain different tannins, sugars and fats with skin soothing properties.
Acrylic
Acrylic is a material used for sculptured nails. The material is made up of a combination of a liquid and powder that is mixed to form the artificial nail. It has a moisture barrier that repels water (waterproof).
Active
An active ingredient, or substance in a pharmaceutical product that does the "work". The other ingredients are usually just filler, fragrance, or a carrier medium.
Adapalene
Adapalene is a new retinoid molecule that has been specifically engineered for the treatment of acne vulgaris (a common acne disease effecting the pilosebaceous unit).
Adenosine Triphosphate
A synthetic riboflavin (Vitamin B2) that functions as a catalyst in the tanning process.
Adjunctive
In medicine an adjunctive is used to describe a treatment or preparation that supports the main therapy (a treatment or preparation that acts in a subordinate or secondary capacity).
Aerosol
Aerosol is a gaseous suspension of fine solid or liquid particles and is sometimes used as a vehicle for dermatological drugs.
Agar
Gelatin-like extracts from different seaweeds. Has good thickening, emulsifying, and emollient properties.
Age Spots
Age spots, which are also known as liver spots, are irregularly shaped brown spots most often seen on the hands and face. They are usually the result of over-exposure to the sun and may lead to skin cancer.
Albumin
Water-soluble, ubiquitously occurring protein (major protein in blood plasma) that is usually extracted from egg white and used as emulsifier.
Alcohol (ethanol)
Alcohol is an organic chemical compound (organic ingredients). Alcohols differ substantially in their properties ranging from clear liquids to waxy solids. An alcohol can be a water soluble solvent like isopropyl (rubbing) alcohol or ethyl alcohol (used to make drinking alcohol) or alcohol may contain the properties of a moisturizing
agent like glycerin or propylene glycol or a fatty alcohol like cetyl alcohol. Alcohol may also contain the properties of a sugar (multi alcohol). Depending upon whether the parent substance (the alcohol compound) is drying or lubricating to the skin, the alcohol from which it is derived will be drying or lubricating. Alcohols are used as emollients, humectants, lubricants,
emulsifiers, stabilizers, or tackiness reducers.
Alfalfa
An extract of alfalfa, medicago sativa. It is a source of Vitamins C, D, E and K, and contains also essential oils, digestive enzymes and amino acids.
Algae
Algae is a seaweed full of trace elements, calcium, and magnesium. In skincare products, it helps the skin store moisture to improve elasticity.
Algae Extract
Algae Extract contains polysaccharides (sugars) that act as natural humectants (helps to promote the retention of moisture in the skin); alginates (components that provide moisture and elasticity to the skin); fucoidanes (sulfated polysaccharides that stimulate circulation); polyphenols (anti septic, anti-inflammatory agents and anti-oxidants); and fucosterol (an excellent
emollient, blood stimulant, diuretic and moisturizing agent).
Algal Polysaccharides: This extract is known to help moisturize and lubricate. It is derived from red marine algae gathered off the Hawaiian coast.
Alginates (Algins)
Gelatinous substance derived from alginic acids of algae. Useful as thickeners, emulsifiers, moisturizers and stabilizers in different cosmetic products.
Alginic Acid
Natural substance from algae from which different salts (algins) are made. Slowly soluble in water forming a gelatinous liquid similar to gelatin or albumin.
Algisium Complex
A natural marine-derived complex that functions as an anti-inflammatory agent.
Alizarin
Natural crystals occurring in madder root (genus Rubia, especially a Eurasian species, having small, yellow flowers and a red, fleshy root). Many dyes and coloring agents are derivatives of these orange-red crystals (also referred to as Turkey Red). Color can be varied with the type of metal powders mixed the crystals. Non-toxic, however, some irritation is possible.
Alkanolamines
Viscous colorless substances composed of alcohol and amines. Used as solvents for fatty acids for soap making.
Alkyl
Saturated hydrocarbon group (e.g. propane) that is introduced into a substance to make it more soluble. Often added to surfactants to improve their solubility.
Alkaline
A substance with a pH greater than 7; non acidic.
Alkaline Perm
An alkaline perm produces permanent hair waves (tight curls). It also has a pH from 7.5 to 9.5.
Alkaline Soil
Soil with a pH content of more than 7.3.
Allantoin
Allantoin is an extract of the comfrey plant and is used for its healing, soothing, and anti-irritating properties. This extract can be found in anti-acne products, sun care products, and clarifying lotions because of its ability to help heal minor wounds and promote healthy skin.
Allergen
Any substance that induces an allergic reaction (immune response) in an organism. Primarily proteins, rarely sugars or fats.
Allura Red AC
The common name for uncertified FD&C Red No. 40.
Almond Meal
An ingredient (powder) that smoothes and softens the skin (emollient), reduces inflammation and aids in the removal of dead skin cells (exfoliant). Almond meal also has a slight bleaching effect.
Almond Oil
Oil derived from the seeds of almonds with softening properties. Almond oil is known for its mildness and is often used as an emollient (smoothener and softener) in lotions and creams.
Aloe Vera Gel
A compound expressed from the leaf of the aloe plant, which is a South African lilylike plant. In the West, aloe gel, which is derived from the thin-walled mucilaginous cells of the plant, is considered an effective healing agent for the treatment of (sun)burns and injuries. It contains water, essential oils, sugars, saponins, allantoin and proteins. Aloe vera has potent
antiinflammtory, healing, hydrating and soothing properties. It is used to counteract wrinkles, and is employed for its supposed softening benefits in skin creams. No reported toxicity.
Aloe Vera Juice
Any concentration or dilution of aloe vera gel.
Alpha Bisabolol
A myrrh-type gum resin with anti-irritant and anti-microbial properties.
Alpha Hydroxy Acids (AHAs)
AHAs include glycolic, citric, malic, and lactic acids-found naturally in fruit such as sugar cane, citrus fruits, and sour milk. AHAs are used to help exfoliate and renew cells, even skin tone, and can be effective against wrinkles. Glycolic acid is thought to be the most effective exfoliant of all the alpha hydroxy acids. It
penetrates the skin very effectively because of its small molecules. Caution: Prolonged use can lead to sun sensitivity.
Althea
Althea is a botanical root with softening and soothing properties (used as a skin emollient).
Alum (Aluminiun Ammonium)
Colorless, water-soluble substance used primarily in astringent and hemostyptic lotions (e.g. after-shave lotion).
Aluminium Acetate (Burow's Solution)
Mixture of acetic acid and boric acid with antiseptic and astringent properties. Used in deodorants, astringent lotions, and protective creams.
Aluminium Chloride
Most potent antiperspirant, but can cause skin irritations and allergic reactions. Often combined with alum to reduce its irritability.
Aluminum Chlorohydrate
Aluminum salt. Most commonly used material for anti-perspirant preparations. Least irritating of the aluminum salts.
Aluminium Hydroxide
Mild, white, gelatinous substance used as astringent in antiperspirants, as drying ingredient, adsorbent, and coloring agent in many cosmetic products.
Aluminium Powder
The powerized metal element of aluminum, used in paints and pigments. Non-toxic.
Aluminium Salts
Acids of aluminium used primarily as antiperspirants to prevent body odors due to their antibacterial and sweat-neutralizing properties.
Ammonium Iodide
White, odorless salt that turns yellow upon light exposure. Due to its antibacterial effects it is often used as preservative in cosmetics.
Ammonium Stearate (Stearic Acid)
Yellow-white powder often used as texturizer in vanishing creams. No known toxicity.
Amino Acids
Amino acids are organic molecules forming the basic compounds of all proteins.
Aminomethyl Propanedial
An alkalizer /neutralizer used to adjust pH in cosmetic preparations.
Aminomethyl Propanol
A thickener and gelling agent.
Aminophenols:
Aminophenols are phenol derivatives used in permanent (two-step) hair dyes.
Ammonia
An Alkaline ingredient used in some permanent hair color. Ammonia is an ingredient that results in a chemical action that decolorizes the hair.
Ammonium Hydroxide
An ingredient used to stabilize and adjust the acids in skin peels and hair waving and straightening.
Ammonium Laureth Sulfate
Mild, primary anionic surfactant that is widely used as basic surfactant for shampoos and shower gels.
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate
Anionic surfactant that is widely used as a cleansing agent in relatively mild shampoos for oily or normal to oily hair.
Ammonium Persulfate
A bleaching agent in some hair and skin care products. It is also used in deodorants and disinfectants.
AMP (Amino-ethyl Propanol)
An organic pH adjuster used to maximize the effects of styling products.
Amphoteric Surfactants
Surfactants in which the active molecule bears both positive and negative charges. Their properties depend upon the pH of the system and they may behave like anionics (an agent in which the active molecule bears a negative electric charge) or cationics (an agent which possesses a positive electrical charge). Some of the finest
amphoterics are used in shampoo systems formulated for dry or chemically treated hair due to their mildness and light conditioning properties.
Amplifier
An amplifier works on the skin's surface and is designed to increase the absorption of UV light by the skin.
Amylase
Used as texturizer in cosmetics; it is an enzyme prepared from hog pancreas.
Amylopectin
Polysaccharide that is the almost insoluble outer portion of the starch granule. Used as a texturizer in cosmetics.
Anaerobic
An organism that lives and grows in the absence of oxygen.
Anagen
One of the two phases of hair growth (the active growing phase; the other is the telogen phase, the resting phase of the hair growth cycle).
Ananas sativus, pinapple
An antiinflammatory enzyme used in cosmetic treatment creams.
Anatide
A film-forming molecule that protects hair to prevent moisture loss.
Anethole
Flavoring ingredient in toothpasts and mouthwashes; obtained from anise.
Angelica
Medical herb used to increase sweating and also used to flavor toothpastes and mouthwashes.
Anodyne
An agent that soothes and relieves pain. See Analgesic.
Androgen
An androgen is a hormone that stimulates the sebaceous glands to increase sebum production.
Angelica
An herb used as an expectorant (assists in removing mucus from the throat and lungs) for cough, bronchitis and pleurisy, especially when they are accompanied by fever, colds or influenza. Also used to ease rheumatic inflammation and stimulate appetite in anorexic individuals.
Anionic Surfactants
Surfactants in which the active molecule bears a negative electric charge; primarily used as a high-foaming cleansing agent in shampoos and shower gels.
Anise
A volatile oil in Aniseed to ease griping, intestinal colic and flatulence. It also has an expectorant (assists in removing mucus from the throat and lungs) and anti-spasmodic action (eases, or stops muscle spasms) and may be used in bronchitis, tracheitis, and in whooping cough. It has middle estrogen effects, which may explain its
use in folk medicine to increase milk secretion, facilitate birth and increase libido.
Anise Seed
Anise seeds are aromatic (smells of licorice) and may be used in facial saunas (to open/medicate pores) or hair rinses.
Anisole
Synthetic ingredient with a pleasant odor used for flavoring ice cream, baked goods. It is also used in perfumery.
Annato Extract
A natural plant colorant derived from the flesh surrounding the seed of a shrub native to South America, bixa orellana. It is a food grade vegetable dye that produces yellow-orange tones.
Antibiotics
A chemical substance that kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms. In cosmetics it is only used to treat acne.
Antibody
A molecule produced by B cells that circulates in the bloodstream and neutralizes antigens (antigens are harmful invaders of the immune system).
Antigen
A harmful invader of the immune system. A substance that can trigger an immune response, resulting in the production of antibodies as part of the body's immune system.
Anti-infective
Reduces the growth of bacteria.
Antioxidants
A substance (e.g. vitamin e) that impedes oxidation or spoilage promoted by oxygen or peroxide. Like vitamin E or beta-carotene it helps protect the skin from environmental damage caused by free radicals.
Antiperspirant
A product used to prevent perspiration and the odor it causes; usually containing aluminum salt.
Antiprotozoal
An agent that kills protozoa (one of the simplest organisms in the animal kingdom.
Antipruritic
A substance/property that stops itching.
Antiseborrheic
A substance that controls the excessive secretion of sebum, and reduces oiliness of the face and greasy scalp, a condition that is most common in adolescents.
Antiseptic
A substance/property that stops the growth of bacteria.
Antispasmodic
A substance/property that eases or stops muscle spasms.
Apple Juice and Pectin
A clarifying agent (removes excess build-up of products or water chemicals from hair) and emulsifier (thickening agent/binder added to products to change their physical composition) in shampoo.
Apricot Kernel Oil
Oil expressed from the seeds of apricots. It is similar to almond oil and is used as an emollient (a soothing herb that acts to smooth and soften skin and reduce inflammation) in lotions, creams, etc. The seeds can be ground-up and used in facial scrubs and masks.
Aprocrine sweat gland
The sweat gland responsible for body odor. These glands are located mainly in the armpits and the anogenital area.
Arachidyl Propionate
A skin softener and humectant (an ingredient that promotes the retention of moisture in the skin) obtained from coal and limestone.
Argemone Mexicana Oil
Oil expressed from the leaves of a Mexican poppy, used for skin and hair conditioning.
Arginine (Non-Essential Amino Acid)
Studies have shown that is has improved immune responses to bacteria, viruses & tumor cells; promotes wound healing, causes the release of growth hormones; considered crucial for optimal muscle growth and tissue repair.
Armenian Bole
Claylike red earth used in face powders.
Arnica Extract
Herb used as an astringent (a solution that removes oil from the skin) and to treat skin disorders. The Herb has also been used externally to treat bruises and sprains. It has anti-inflammatory and soothing properties.
Arrow Root
A very fine textured, high starch powder. May be included in skin applications as a paste (assisting in drying pimples) or in body powder (replacing talc).
Ascorbic Acid (vitamin C)
Found naturally in fruits and green vegetables and is essential for normal metabolism, wound healing, and tissue repair. Ascorbic Acid is often used as a preservative and as an anti-oxidant to help prevent free radical damage in the skin.
Ascorbyl Palmitate
Salt of ascorbic acid used as a preservative and antioxidant in cosmetic creams (see also ascorbic acid).
Ascorbyl Stearate
Salt of ascorbic acid used as a preservative and antioxidant in cosmetic creams.
Astragalus
Used in ancient times in Traditional Chinese Medicine. The polysaccharides in Astragalus have been shown to intensify phagocytosis of reticulo-endothelial system, stimulate pituitary-adrenal cortical activity and restore depleted red blood cell formation in bone marrow. Herbalists consider it an ideal remedy for any one who might be
imuno-compromized in any way. This can range from someone who easily catches colds to someone with cancer.
Astringent
A solution that removes oil from the skin. It is usually used after a facial wash to remove any remaining traces of a cleanser. It is designed to dry and shrink superficial tissues by reducing water and oil content.
Avobenzone
A revolutionary sunscreen technology approved by the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) in 1998 that blocks UVA I, UVA II, and UVB wavelengths. Before Avobenzone most sunscreens could not adequately block UVA I rays, the rays responsible for the skin damage that results in wrinkles, premature aging, and hyperpigmentation.
Avocado Oil
Also called the alligator pear. The oil from the seed and the pulp of an avocado can be used in creams, lotions, and hair preparations because of its nourishing and conditioning effects on dry skin and hair. It has been found to significantly increase the water-soluble collagen content in the dermis skin layer. The oil contains
protein, vitamins A, D, and E, and some amino acids.
Awapuhi
Actiphyte of the Hawaiian white ginger root. A natural additive that comes from the white ginger root.
Azo Dyes
Used in non-permanent hair rinses. The dyes contain mild acids but can cause allergic reactions. People who are sensitized to permant hair dyes containing paraphenylene damine also develop a cross sensitivity to azo dyes. Azo dyes are absorbed through the skin.
Aztec Marigold, Tagetes
The ground flower petals and the extract is used to enhance the yellow color of chicken skin and eggs. The oil is used as a flavoring for beverages and desserts.
Azulene
A blue to greenish black hydrocarbon. Shows anti-inflammatory effects. The essential oil of the German Chamomile contains Azulene.
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Babassauamide
Mixture of fatty acids derived from the Babassu Palm growing in Brazil. Used as hair conditioner, foam booster and thickening ingredient.
Babassuamidopropyl Betaine
A compound containing the fatty acid of Babassu and betaine.
Baking Soda
Skin soothing, softening. Baking Soda helps relieve itching, deodorizes, and softens bath water. It has a skin soothing and softening effect.
Balm Mint Extract
This extract comes from the leaves and flowers of the Balm Mint plant (Melissa Officinalis). It has an antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effect with calming, soothing skin properties. Balm Mint extract also contains a balsamic essential oil that produces antibacterial ozone.
Balsam
Natural exudate from plants or trees.
Balsam Mecca
Compound used to scent perfumes; obtained from a twig.
Balsam Peru
Obtained from peruvian balsam in Central America. Dark brown, viscous liquid with a herbal warm odor. It is used in cosmetics such as lotions, creams and also perfumes. Can be irritating on the skin.
Balsam Tolu
Extracted from a tree in South America, yellowish thick brown fluid with a ver y strong odor. Used in perfumes and soaps. Can be irritating on the skin.
Banana Oil
Banana Oil is used as a solvent in some cosmetic formulations.
Barberry
A great corrector of liver disfunctions. Barberry is also known to improve appetite, digestion and assimilation. Caution: avoid the use of Barberry during pregnancy; it can slow down the heartbeat and also the respiratory system and may constrict the bronchial tubes.
Barbicide
A sanitizer used to disinfect salon implements.
Barley Organic
Can be used as a skin cleanser or a healing facial mask. It is used in bath products to help aches and skin pains.
Barley Extract
It contains several B vitamins, proteins and sugars. The chinese herbalists use it as an anti-inflammatory and diuretic substance.
Base
A base is essentially a foundation, a skin-colored makeup used to smooth the surface of the skin and even its coloration. A base prepares the face for other makeup and comes in liquid, cream, powder, cake, and stick forms.
Basecoat
A clear, thick polish applied before nail color to create a smooth and adhesive surface for nail color. A basecoat can prevent the staining of fingernails and add to the life of nail color.
Basil Oil
Basil oil is used to calm inflammation and reduce skin swelling. When used as a tea, it is an excellent remedy to stop vomiting.
Bayberry
Bayberry improves circulation and aids in the toning of skin tissue. Priest and priest give the following specific indications: colds and acute febrile conditions, prolapsed uterus, leucorrhoea, atonic vaginitis, nasal polypi.
Bearberry Extract
Derived from the Arctostaphyllos Uva Ursi plant. Contains a natural hydroquinone (a bleaching agent used in skin preparations) sugar complex that is more stable than synthetically derived hydroquinone. This extract helps fade hyperpigmentation spots on the skin by interfering with melanin synthesis.
Beeswax
A long standing cosmetic ingredient used as a thickener, emulsifier, and stiffing agent in ointments, cold creams, lotions, lipsticks, etc. It is also being used as a hair removing wax.
Beet Extract
An extract used as coloring due to its reddish color.
Behenyl alcohol (docosanol)
A mixture of fatty alcohols derived from behenic acid, a minor component of vegetable oils and animal fats. It is used in cosmetics as an opacifying agent, thickener, and emulsifier. Used also in synthetic fibers and lubricants to prevent evaporation of water, and as an insecticide and antihistamine. Low toxicity.
Bentonite (also known as Kaolin)
Also known as "china clay". Generally, these clays are used in facial masks to absorb excess facial oil (reduces shine on the face) and to thicken lotions. Although, it can dry-out the skin if used too often, and in some cases it may even clog the pores.
Benzene
Solvent obtained from coal; used in nail polish removers.
Benzoic Acid
Natural preservative that occurs in cherry bark, raspberries, tea and anise. Used also as a flavoring.
Benzophenone-3
An organic benzophen derived sunscreen that is active in both UV-B and UV-A spectrums. Used in conjunction with a second sunscreen to obtain a SPF higher than 8.
Benzothonium Chloride
A salt derivative that serves as an antiseptic (a substance/property that stops the growth of bacteria) and a germicide (a substance/property that stops the growth of germs).
Benzoyl Peroxide
An oxygen-releasing chemical that causes drying, peeling and antibacterial action on the skin. The #1 topical treatment for acne lesions. The release of oxygen is important to combat the anaerobic bacteria present in the acne-affected follicles. The peeling and drying effects peel the acne pustules (vesicles filled with pus) and open up the comedones (non-inflammatory acne
lesions, i.e. black heads or white heads).
Benzyl Salicylate
Fixative in perfumes and also a solvent in sunscreen lotions.
Bergamot
An extract from the rind of the bergamot orange. It contains antiseptic and antibacterial properties. It is also contains toning, deodorizing, and fragrant properties.
Berloque Dermatitis
Inflammation of the skin leading to hyperpigmentation in areas exposed to sunlight and treated with perfumes containing bergamot and other photosensitizers.
Beta Carotene
An anti-oxidant (Vitamin A – retinol)found in different plants and animal tissues. When applies topically it helps protect the skin from the effects of free radicals. It is used as coloring in cosmetics and also as raw-material for the manufacturing of vitamin A.
Beta Glucan
This yeast extract works with a sugar protein called mannoprotein to penetrate the epidermis and stimulate and strengthen the immune system.
Beta Hydroxy Acid
An exfoliating agent with a smaller molecule size than the alpha hydroxy. Used to exfoliate (removes dead skin layers) and renews cells. Beta Hydroxy Acid also plumps out finer wrinkles like the AHAs. Good for acne-prone or sensitive skin. Caution: May cause sun sensitivity
Betaines
Occurs in common beets and in many vegetables. Used as emulsifiers, skin and hair conditioners.
BHA (butylated hydroxyanisole)
Used to prevent oxidation of oils in cosmetics. As a synthetic anti-oxidant, use has been limited by the FDA. Some allergic reactions have been reported.
BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene)
An antioxidant and preservative used to prevent oils from turning rancid.
Bioecolia
A natural sugar complex that inhibits the growth of bacteria.
Bioflavonoids
Bioflavonoids such as Quercetin, Rutin, and Hesperidin are vital in their ability to increase the strength of the capillaries (blood vessels) and to regulate their permeability. They assist Vitamin C in keeping collagen, the intercellular "cement" in healthy condition; are essential for the proper absorption and use of vitamin C; prevents Vitamin C from being destroyed in the
body by oxidation; beneficial in hypertension; helps hemorrhages and ruptures in the capillaries and connective tissues and builds a protective barrier against infections. Quercetin is a very highly concentrated form of Bioflavonoids derived from citrus fruit. A deficiency in these nutrients may result in varicose veins, a tendency to bruise and bleed easily, and/or the
appearance of purplish spots on the skin.
Biomin Aquacinque
An aqueous mixture of five skincare minerals: magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, and silicon (with yeast additive).
Biosaccharide Complex
A carbohydrate complex that acts as an antibacterial skin agent. Further, it may counter the effect of bacterial odors caused by tanning.
Biotin
Known as vitamin H, this part of the vitamin B complex is found in all living cells. Biotin helps convert fats, proteins and carbohydrates into body fuel.
Birch
Used by American Indians, it acts as a tonic, refreshes the skin and has anti-inflammatory qualities. Mainly used as an adstringent in creams and shampoos; it has also antiseptic activities and is used often in preparations for acneic skin.
Bisabolol
A myrrh-type (like an anti-microbial agent) gum resin obtained from African trees. It helps reduce sensitivity and inflammation and is used in sunscreen lotions, after-sun lotions, lipbalms, and aftershave lotions.
Bismuth Oxychoride
An anti-syphilitic (skin-protective) salt from the mineral Bismuth (Bi). This soft powder is used in cosmetics to impart a frosty or "pearlescent" appearance. No known external toxicity.
Black Cohosh
Herb that has a powerful action when used as a relaxant and a normalizer of the female reproductive system. It may be used to combat painful or delayed menstruation and ovarian cramps or cramping pain in the womb. It is a natural supplier of estrogen. Black Cohosh is helpful in the treatment of rheumatic pains, rheumatoid arthritis,
osteo-arthritis, and muscular and neurological pain.
Black Haw
It is a powerful relaxant and sedative used to combat dysmenorrhoea, false labor pains, and reduce blood pressure in hypertension. It may also be used as an anti-spasmodic, tonic, astringent, and an anti-inflammatory. Helps treat asthma, diarrhea and dysentery, jaundice, heart palpitations, female reproductive disorders and uterine
congestion and inflammation.
Blackheads
Known as an open comedone, it is a clogging of the skin's pores, clogged by natural oils and impurities. A blackhead can be characterized as a mixture of dead skin cells, oil, and bacteria exposed to oxygen.
Black Walnut
Used by Asians and American Indians, Black Walnut Bark has been used to expel various kinds of worms; used to kill ringworms and tapeworms.
Bladderwrack
Useful in the treatment of under active thyroid glands and goiter. This herb may also be useful to combat obesity resulting from thyroid trouble.
Blessed Thistle
Herb used to increase and enrich the milk in nursing mothers. It also can be used to increase stomach, small intestine and liver activity.
Blood Root (sanguinaria canadensis)
The root contains isoquinoline alkaloids. Herbalists use it to treat coughs, sore throat, gum disease and skin eruptions.
Blotting
A process which removes excess oil or moisture from lipstick or any other creamy makeup adding to the longevity of the product’s external application ("set" for longer wear).
Blue Cohosh
An excellent uterine tonic with other properties similar to that of Black Cohosh. Priest & Priest tell us that it is a "gently diffusive stimulating relaxant, uterine vaso-dilator and anti-spasmodic in all spastic and irritable states. Also See Black Cohosh.
Boar Bristle
A bristle commonly used in natural bristle brushes.
Bois de Rose Oil
An extract from the Rosewood Tree that is used for many skin problems including irritation, dryness, puffiness and congestion.
Boneset
Used as a remedy against influenza symptoms. Boneset may also be used to help clear the upper respiratory tract of mucous congestion.
Borage Extract (borago officinalis)
Emollient and conditioning agent. It is high in gamma linolenic acid and thus a very valuble ingredient in creams for blemished skin and atopic eczema.
Borax (sodium borate)
A mild alkali used in cold creams, shaving creams, and foundation creams. Prevents irritation of the skin and acts also as weak antiseptic and water softener.
Boric Acid
An inorganic acid used as a mild antiseptic and preservative.
Botanical
Refers to an organic product or ingredient that is plant derived.
Botox
Known as Botulinum Toxin. When used in tiny amounts it can temporarily paralyze a muscle and reduce or eliminate wrinkles or frown lines without harm.
Brazilwood (redwood)
Used in the manufacture of red lake pigment, it produces warm brown shades in hair coloring.
Brassy
Refers to the warm tones associated with hair color, often resulting from chemicals or damage.
Bromelain
A proteolytic enzyme (digests proteins) obtained from the pineapple plant. Bromelain hydrolyzes proteins and digests dead cells on the surface of the skin.
Bronopol (bronosol)
Widely used as a preservative in cosmetics, especially in shampoos, rinses, creams and lotions.
Bronzers
Bronzers can be found in powder or cream form and should not be confused with a self-tanner that is not water-soluble. It is a synthetic-tanning product used to make your skin look darker. Unlike self-tanners, which contain Dihydroxyacetone (DHA), this product can be instantly removed with soap and water.
Buchu
Buchu has diuretic and urinary antiseptic actions and is very helpful at reducing urination pain.
Buffer
A pH balanced cleansing solution that is used to stabilize a product’s pH to lengthen the products shelf life and make it gentler on the complexion. It helps improve the look and feel of the skin leaving it shiny and suppler. A buffer is also an extremely fine-grit manicure tool used to shine the surface of the nail.
Burdock Root Extract
A root extract (essential oil) with antibacterial properties. It helps reduce inflammations such as rashes, redness, acne, and eczema, and helps restore skin tone and smoothness. This extract also contains cleansing and astringent properties in the bath or in facial saunas.
Butcher’s Broom
Butcher's broom extract possesses blood vessel narrowing and anti-inflammatory properties. It is used to treat circulatory disorders, hemorrhoidal ailments like bleeding, itching, soreness, and swelling, and may be capable of curing varicose veins, varicose ulcers, and surface veins.
Butylene Glycol
Solvents used to dilute. An organic humectant (promotes the retention of moisture in the skin) similar to propylene glycol, used primarily in hairsprays and lotions.
Butyl Myristate
Fatty alcohol used in nail polishes and nail polish removers, face creams and lipsticks.
Butyloctyl Benzoate
Skin conditioner and emollient.
Butyl Oleate
Ester of butyl alcohol and oleic acid. In cosmetics it is used as skin conditoner and emollient.
Butylated Hydroxyanisole
Preservative and antioxidant used in cosmetics and foods.
Butylparaben
An oil-soluble synthetic preservative of the paraben family. Used in cosmeticsc as antifungal preservative.
Butyl Stearate
Due to its versatile nature, and virtually odorless, used as a solvent, as well as a softening and spreading agent throughout the cosmetic industry, as well as in other industries. Emulsification properties make this a desirable agent in the formulation of lipstick, polishes and other special coatings. Non-toxic. It is used primarily as binder and surfactant in cosmetics and as
a skin conditioning ingredient in personal care products.
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C12-15 Alcohols Benzoate
The ester of benzolic acid and C- 12-15 alcohols. An emollient (acts to smooth and soften skin) that provides a dry, silky feel to skin.
Cactus Grandiflorus
Is used nervous conditions often resulting from stimulants like coffee or tobacco, etc, including nervous tachycardia, palpitation, feeble and irregular pulse, and shortness of breathe with mild exertion.
Cajeput Oil
Extracted from the plant, Melaleuca leucodendron. Used for its antiseptic and analgesic properties.
Cake Mascara
Mascara based on fat or soap molded forms; it is applied with a brush dipped in water.
Calamus
Native Americans chewed the root while running long distances to increase endurance and stamina. In China, calamus root is considered to have antiarrythmic, hypotensive, vasodilatory, antitussive, antibacterial and expectorant properties. It has been used to combat a lack of mental focus, stomach problems, acidity and as an aid to quite tobacco. Externally it is added to the
bath to quiet the nerves and induce a state of tranquility. Tincture of calamus is useful as a parasitic when directly and frequently applied to lice and scabies infestations. Caution: avoid during pregnancy.
Calcium Carbonate, Chalk
Absorbent that removes shine from fatty skin. Tastless and odorless powder that occurs naturally in limestone, marbel and coral. Used as a white coloring in cosmetics.
Calcium Pantothenate
The calcium salt of pantothenic acid (vitamin B5), it is a member of the B-complex family of vitamins.
Calcium Phosphate
White, odorless powder used as anti-caking ingredients in cosmetics and foods; used in toothpastes as an abrasive.
Calcium Silicate
Anti-caking ingredient, white or cream-colored, used in face powders because it has extremely fine particles and good water absorption.
Calcium Stearate
Emulsifier used in hair-grooming products. Also used as a coloring ingredient in waterproofing.
Calendula Extract
Derived from the dried flowers of golden marigolds. Used to soothe inflammation of the skin and mucous membranes. Calendula extract is used in herbology to reduce body scars, soothe chapped skin and eliminate broken capillaries. Considered to be an excellent remedy for red eyes and any skin abrasions or soreness. Used in fresheners, soothing creams, and sensitive skin products.
Sometimes used in deodorants. Some adverse skin reactions have been reported in medical literature.
California Poppy
Used by Native Americans for colic pains. It may be useful in the treatment of gall-bladder colic and as a sedative and hypnotic for spasmodic problems.
Calophyllum Oil
Extract from a tropical tree. Used in moisturizing creams.
Camellia Extract
Extract of a tropical evergreen shrub that is used as a fragrant additive in products.
Camellia Oil
Green Tea. A tropical Asiatic evergreen tree. Used in skin creams and to scent perfumes.
Camphor
A cooling and antiseptic extract, with firming and toning properties to the skin. Used as an antiseptic, stimulant, and anti-inflammatory ingredient in toners, aftershaves, lip balms, and after sun preparations.
Candela Wax
Candela Wax is used to bind oils and waxes to give body to a formulation. Often used in lipsticks.
Candelilla Wax
The majority of the wax is produced in Mexico from the candelilla plant (euphorbia cerifera). Primarily considered a hydrocarbon, this is used to harden other waxes. Immersion in boiling water containing sulphuric acid releases the plant's natural wax, which is skimmed off the top of the water. Used in lipsticks to give them body. Also
used in skin creams to protect against moisture loss.
Candida Albicans
Yeast like fungus responsible for the infections as well as spoiling of botanical products including cosmetics.
Canola Oil
Rape-seed oil used in salad oils. Also used in skin care as an emollient.
Caprilic / Capric Triglyceride
Various vegetable oils, dairy fats, plants and sweat are the sources of this ingredient with good emollient properties. It is a solid crystalline mass with a rancid odor used in perfumes, lipsticks, and artificial flavoring.
Capsicum
Capsicum is used to help prevent skin blemishes.
Caramel
Used as a coloring in cosmetics and a soothing agent in lotions.
Caraway Seed
Used in facial steams (aromatic), also in poultices to reduce inflammation and bruises.
Carbomer
White powder that reacts with fatty particles forming thick and stable emulsions. It is mostly used as thickener and as gelling agent, like a wax.
Carbomer 940/941/934
An organic gelling agent.
Carbopol
Thickening agent.
Carcinogen
Any physical or chemical agent that causes or helps to cause cancer.
Carmine
A brilliant red dye derived from dried and pulverized adult female cochineal insects, a tropical American scale insect which feeds on a specific type of cacti. It is often used in the coloring of cosmetics, medicines, foods, etc. Some allergic reactions are possible.
Carnauba Wax
A hard wax obtained from the leaves of the Brazilian wax palm tree. Used for gloss and texture, reported allergic reactions are rare.
Carrageenan
Natural thickening agent.
Carrot Oil
Rich in Vitamin A. Primarily used as a fragrance and coloring agent in cosmetics. Excellent for sensitive skin. It is reported to tone skin, stimulating elasticity.
Castor Oil
This soothing and lubricating ingredient is a colorless or light yellow oil extracted from the seeds of the castor-oil plant. A large plant native to tropical Africa and Asia, the castor-oil plant is also grown for its ornamental value. Used for its fine-quality lubricating properties, it can also act as a cathartic when taken internally.
Cationic Surfactants
Surfactants in which the active molecule bears a positive charge. These surfactants usually have strong conditioning properties and are used in conditioners, moisturizing treatments and packs to reduce static electricity. Cationics often have antimicrobial properties (germicides).
Cedarwood Oil
Extracted from the plant, Junipius Virginiana. This oil is used to stimulate blood circulation and oxygenation for sluggish and sallow skin. It acts as a stimulant, antiseptic and revitalizer.
Cellulose
Cellulose is by definition an amorphous (formless) carbohydrate polymer which is the main constituent for cell walls and structural elements of all plant tissues and plant fibers. Ehtyl-, methyl- and hydroxyethyl- cellulose are gums which are made from cellulose. Ethyl- is a film former which is used in lipsticks. Methyl- and hydroxyethyl- have desirable emulsification and
thickening properties and are used throughout the cosmetic industry as well as in hand creams and lotions. Manufactured from natural cellulose utilizing strong alkali and methyl or ethyl chloride, methyl- or ethyl- cellulose gums are substitutes for water soluble vegetable gums.
Cera Na
Saponified beeswax; hydrolysis process by an alkali converts beeswax into a useable form.
Ceramides
A natural lipid within the skin that reduces water loss by forming a protective barrier. The aging process gradually depletes these lipids and ceramides found in moisturizers or other skin products can replace these lipids and improve the suppleness and moisture content of the skin.
Cersin Wax
Used as an emulsifier and thickener, this natural mineral wax has been reported to cause some allergic reactions.
Certified Colors
Colorants approved by the FDA for use in cosmetics, food and drugs.
Ceteareth-5
An emollient (skin smoother and softener) and emulsifier (binding and thickening agent).
Ceteareth-20
Derived from cetearyl alcohol, it is used with the parent alcohol or with other fatty alcohols and functions as a primary emulsifier and thickening agent.
Cetearyl Alcohol
A mixture of fatty alcohols derived from coconut oil consisting predominantly of cetyl and stearyl alcohols. Used as emollients, thickeners and emulsion stabilizers.
Ceteth-2
A polyethylene glycol derivative of cetyl alcohol. A water-soluble agent used as an emollient (skin smoother and softener), conditioner and emulsifier (binding and thickening agent).
Ceteth-20
A polyethylene glycol derivative of cetyl alcohol. A water-soluble agent used as an emollient, conditioner and emulsifier.
Cetrimonium Bromide
A cationic (possessing a positive electrical charge) conditioning agent and antiseptic that is rarely used in cosmetics due to it high cost. It adds shine.
Cetrimonium Chloride
Quaternary (more water soluble) conditioning agent, similar to cetrimonium bromide.
Cetyl Alcohol
Derived form coconut oil or produced synthetically, no longer derived from cetaceans (whales), this wax-like substance helps emulsify oils into a water base and can also be used as an emollient. Toxicity level has been established as being very low for both internal and external use.
Cetyldimonium Chloride
Used often as a conditioning agent, compatible with surfactants (agents that allows oil to mix with water), often used in shampoos.
Cetyl Palmitate
Emollient. No known skin toxicity.
Chamomile
A daisy like plant. Extract from the white and yellow heads of this daisy like plant (chamomile flowers) is used as an excellent skin soother and anti-inflammatory agent. Reputed to bring down swelling and pain in the skin and mucous membranes. Chamomile is used extensively in professional skin care products for its essential oil called azulene. Also calms eczema and allergic
reactions. It is used in many hair care products to enhance color. It acts as an emollient, anti-inflammatory, skin soothing agent and provides antioxidation.
Chaparral
Chaparral is used as a treatment for skin cancer. Studies also show that it can reduce bacterial or viral damage to teeth when used as a mouth rinse.
Cheilitis
Inflammation and peeling of the lips.
Chelate
Chemical compounds able to bind heavy metal salts and make them insoluble in water.
Chelating
A deep cleansing process that strips the hair lightly before chemical hair treatments.Also known as clarifying.
Chickweed
High in Vitamin C, Chickweed has been used for acne, boils, obesity (dissolves fat), and skin problems. Chickweed is good for stopping bleeding, removing mucous from the lungs, and reducing inflammation of the bowels and stomach. It can also be used as a poultice for rashes and sores.
Chlorophyll
Known for its natural cleansing and moisturizing properties, it is the green coloring substance in plants.
Chloroxylenol
A crystalline, water-soluble substance used as an antiseptic, germicide and fungicide.
Cholesterol
A lipoid manufactured by the liver. It is more commonly located in the skin, fatty tissues, and brain tissue. It forms a protective cream with sebum and water to lubricate and protect the skin.
Cholesterol Escin Complex
Thought to aid in the detoxification and shrinking of fat cells.
Cinnamon Bark
A natural astringent known to suspend excess oil on oily skin or scalp.
Citric Acid
The same as vitamin C, derived from citrus fruit. It is used commonly in hair and skincare products and many post perm ingredients to neutralize odor. Has astringent and antioxidant properties and also can be used as a stabilizer and preservative.
Citronella oil
An antiseptic widely used in soaps and deodorizers. It also has an insect-repelling property.
Clarifying
A toner or other solution used after cleansing to maintain proper skin pH.
Clarifying Shampoo
Slightly more alkaline (higher pH) than ordinary shampoo, used to remove excess build-up of products or water chemicals from the hair.
Clay (Kaolin)
Also known as China Clay, this fine, mineral-rich, powder helps draw oils from your pores while ridding the skin surface of dead cells and dirt. See Bentonite.
Cleansing Creams
A cream that contain little or no soap or detergent and generally has an oily base. It is supposed to be applied and then wiped off, not rinsed.
Clover Blossom
Clover Blossom is beneficial in the treatment of acne.
Clove Bud Oil
A natural essential oil made from clove buds, syzygium atmaticum that adds a sweet, spicy smell to skin care products.
Clove Oil
Extracted from the plant, Eugenia caryophyllata, it is used for its anti-inflammatory anti-irritant properties in creams and lotions.
Coal Tar Colors
Most colors today are derived from petrochemicals not coal tar products.
Cocamide DEA
Shampoo thickener and foam stabilizer derived from coconut fatty acids. It gives lather and cleans the skin and hair. It also assists in removal of fatty soils.
Cocamide MEA
Monoamide (MEA) as opposed to diamide (DEA). See Cocamide DEA.
Cocamidopropyl Betaine
Derived from coconut fatty acids it is known for it mild conditioning properties. It is an amphoteric surfactant (an agent where the active molecule bears both positive and negative charges). It is used as a mild cleanser agent and as an additive to shampoos and conditioners. .
Cocoa Butter
Its mainly used is a thickening agent and is a common ingredient in lipsticks, soaps and emollient creams. It
easily absorbs into the skin and imparts sheen.
Coco Betaine
See Cocamidopropyl Betaine.
Coconut Oil
This oil derived from coconuts acts as a surfactant and has good cleansing properties. It is used as an emollient in soaps and as a shine enhancer in some hair products.
Collagen
Collagen is a natural protein within body tissues. As human skin ages, our own soluble collagen becomes less flexible and our skin's connective tissue loses its ability to retain moisture naturally.
Cologne
A combination of water containing alcohol and fragrant oils. Not to be confused with a concentrated perfume.
Coltsfoot
A healing herb with soothing and softening (emollient) properties that is soothing to the scalp.
Comedogenic
Capable of triggering non-inflammatory acne lesion (comedones). A product and/or substance that promotes acne.
Comedolytic
Agent capable of resolving comedones and preventing the formation of new comedones.
Comedones
Non-inflammatory acne lesion. There are three types of comedones. The microcomedo is a clinically invisible accumulation of corneocytes in the follicular canal. The microcomedo is the original acne lesion. The closed comedone (whitehead) evolves from the microcomedo and appears as a white dot. The open comedone (blackhead) appears as a dark-topped dot.
Comfrey
Comfrey is an anti-inflammatory, astringent, and emollient containing mucopolysaccharides (highly effective humectants). Comfrey, which contains allantoin, has impressive wound healing properties and may be used externally to speed wound healing and help prevent scar tissue. It is an effective healing agent in gastric and duodenal ulcers, hiatus hernias and ulcerative colitis,
and its astringency will help hemorrhages.
Comfrey Extract
An extract of the fruit of citrullus colocynthis. It is a fantastic skin soother and moisturizer. See Comfrey.
Comfrey Root
Comfrey Root extract is rich in allantoin, known for its ability to heal wounds and stimulate the growth of healthy tissue. See Comfrey.
Compress
Cloth soaked with herbal tea and applied externally.
Conditioner
A creamy, moisturizing, detangling hair product meant to be used after shampooing.
Coneflower Extract
Extracted from the Native American plant, Echinacea angustifolia, it was originally used as an antidote for snakebites. Coneflower extract has been clinically demonstrated to aid in healing burns, soothe topical pain, and act as an anti-inflammatory agent.
Contaminant
An organism such as bacteria, yeast, mold, fungi, or any other unwanted substance that may find its way into a product.
Cool
Refers to blue or violet based undertones in hair, skin, or makeup.
Concealer
An opaque makeup used to cover darkness under eyes, redness of the skin, or anything irregular in the skin's color or texture. Comes in a waxy stick, cream, or opaque liquid formula.
Copper Peptides
Organic copper proteins which can help to accelerate the tanning process. The protein provides soothing and nourishing benefits to the skin.
Corn Cob Meal
A finely milled powder from corncobs acts as great remover of dead skin (exfoliant) without drying or scratching.
Cornflower Extract
The extract obtained from the flowers of the plant can be used as an anti-inflammatory. The extract is used in toners, astringents, and healing creams. Caution: It can cause photosensitivity in some people.
Cornmeal
Cornmeal is used as an exfoliant (dead skin remover). It is often found as an ingredient in soaps. Go to the Fruits & Vegetables Dictionary and look up Corn.
Corn Oil
Corn oil is used as a skin soother and softener (emollient). It is rich in linoleic acid, one of the three essential fatty acids.
Corn Silk
Corn silk is a soothing diuretic, that acts as a urinary demulcent (soothing, coating herb that can protect irritated or inflamed tissue).
Corn Starch
Used to absorb water and soothe the skin.
Cortisol
Hydrocortisone. The main glucocortisteroid secreted by the cortex of the adrenal gland.
Cortisone
A glucocortisteroid. Cortisone relieves inflammation, pain, and swelling.
Cosmeceutical
An unrecognized term by the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. In the cosmetic industry the word refers to a cosmetic product with drug-like benefits. Note: The FDA does not approve cosmetics prior to sale.
Cosmetics
Products used for the purposes of cleansing, beautifying, promoting attractiveness or alternating ones appearance.
Cream
A preparation for the skin used to impart moisture. A cream is usually thicker and more emollient (soother and softener) than a lotion.
Cream Rinse
A mixture of wax, thickeners, and a group of chemicals used to coat the hair shaft and detangle the hair. Generally applied after shampooing.
Cucumber
Known for its astringent and soothing properties it is an ingredient often found in facial creams, lotions, and cleansers. It can also be used as an anti-inflammatory agent (slices placed over puffy eyes can reduce swelling). Go to the Fruits & Vegetables Dictionary and look up Cucumber.
Cucumber Extract
An extract with anti-inflammatory actions and skin tightening properties.
Cucumber juice
A juice with moisture binding, soothing and tightening properties.
Curbicia Extract
A plant extract which helps regulate the skin’s production of sebum. Used in hair treatments.
Cyclomethicone
A silicone derivative that adds luster and sheen. It is also used to reduce the greasy feel of tanning oils (solvent used to dilute).
Cypress Oil
Oil with soothing and calming properties. The oil can also reduce circulation and help narrow dermal blood vessels (vaso-constrictive).
Cystine
A non-essential amino acid that functions as an antioxidant and protects the body against radiation and pollution. It is necessary for skin formation and repair, aids in protein synthesis, and can help slow down the aging process, deactivate free radicals, neutralize toxins.
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D&C
A prefix designating that a certifiable color has been approved for use in drugs and cosmetics.
D&C Red #7
Synthetic organic colors derived from coal and petroleum sources (not permitted for use around the eye).
D&C Red #17
Carcinogenic in animals.
D&C Red #33
A colorant permitted for use in drugs and cosmetics but not in food.
D&C Yellow #11
Added to D&C Red #17 to get that peach color cloying Fragrance.
Damiana
Damiana has a tonic action on the central nervous and the hormonal system and is useful as an anti-depressant in cases of anxiety and depression where there is a sexual factor. Damiana can be useful in the following ways: As a nerve tonic, anti-depressant, urinary antiseptic, and laxative.
Damiana Leaf
Damiana Leaf, used by Indians for hundreds of years, is used as an anti-depressant and a balancer of the nervous system. See Damiana.
Dandelion
A vegetable source of protein that is high in ingredients that may benefit the skin.
Dandelion Root & Leaf Extract (Taraxacum Officinalis)
Dandelion is a natural source of potassium and is high in Vitamin A. It makes an ideal diuretic because it will not deplete the body’s potassium balance like other diuretics Dandelion root may be used in inflammation and congestion of liver and gall bladder and is used to treat many types of digestive dysfunctions. It is a specific in
cases of congestive jaundice.
Dandruff
A condition of shedding dead cells of the scalp. Usually caused by Seborrheic dermatitis (a common inflammatory condition that most often affects the scalp, eyebrows, eyelids, area between the eyebrows, the folds at the sides of the lower part of the nose, and the ears).
Datem
Hair and skin conditioning ingredient as well as emollient and emulsifying agent.
Davana Oil
Plant extract used in fruit flavoring in cosmetics and foods. No known toxicity.
DEA (Diethanolamine)
A neutralizing agent that raises pH.
DEA Oleth - 3 Phosphate
An emulsifier that prevents separation of product. Adds shine.
DEA Oleth - 10 Phosphate
An emulsifier derived from oleic acid, an unsaturated fatty acid.
Decoction
A tea made from roots, leaves, or bark of certain herbs.
Decongestant
A substance that removes toxic material that has accumulated in the underlying structure of the skin expelled through the body's waste system.
Decyl Alcohol
An intermediate for surface active ingredients, an anti-foam agent and fixative agent for perfumes. No known toxicity for the skin.
Decyl Myristate
Ester of myristic acid used as skin conditioner.
Decyl Oleate
A skin smoother and softener (emollient) that adds body to lotions
Deep Penetrating Treatment
A Formula (conditioner) usually containing proteins, vitamins, and moisture to help dry, damaged hair. It is meant for occasional use.
Deionized Water
Water purified by removing highly active ions especially positively charged cations like calcium (Ca++) magnesium (MG++) and iron (Fe++) and (Fe+++).
Demineralized Water
Water run through active resin beds to remove metallic ions and filtered through a sub micron filter to remove suspended impurities. See Deionized Water.
Demulcent
Soothing, coating herbs that can protect irritated or inflamed tissue. Usually a thick, oily substance as for example gum acacia.
Denatonium Benzoate
Denaturant for alchol used in cosmetics. Intended to make alcohol unpalatable for drinking purposes. No known toxicity.
Denaturant
Poisonous or unpleasant substance added to alcoholic cosmetics to make them undrinkable.
Deodorant
A product used to counteract body odors caused sweat. A deodorant containing antiseptic substances to kill bacteria and strong fragrances to mask offensive smells but it should not be confused with antiperspirants that actually inhibits the production of sweat.
Deoxyribonucleic acid
See DNA.
Depilate
Removal of hair on the surface of the skin. Examples include shaving or the use of depilatory creams.
Depilatory
A depilatory is a chemical sulfide that dissolves hair in the follicle. It also removes the outermost cells of the epidermis skin layer that leaves skin smoother. It has a more lasting effect than shaving (slower hair regrowth).
Dermabrasion
A procedure in which the skin is sanded to improve its texture. Microdermabrasion uses a type of sand to abrade the skin, usually done by an esthetician or a cosmetic doctor.
Desquamation
The sloughing of dead corneocytes (cells located in the epidermis that are packed with fibrous protein called Keratin) from the horny cell layer of the epidermis (stratum corneum). The final stage in the ongoing cycle of skin cell birth, maturation, and death.
Detoxification
Process of ridding the body of toxins.
Dextran
Polysaccharide produced by bacteria growing on sugar. Used as thickening ingredient in cuticle removers.
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